Introduction: The ethical dimensions of agriculture need to be explored, distinguishing between ethics in agriculture and ethics of agriculture. Ethics in agriculture is traditionally based on abstract moral theory, formulated through logical reasoning, but often found inadequate to address the complex ethical challenges within agriculture due to its abstract nature and lack of practical visibility. Conversely, ethics of agriculture is approached within a context-specific framework derived from the research topic with the aim of providing more tailored solutions. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of the relevant literature is conducted, using a descriptive-analytical approach to provide a conceptual framework for understanding agricultural ethics. Conclusion: The article highlights the critical need for a comprehensive ethical framework to address the multifaceted ethical challenges in the agricultural sector. The importance of analyzing and resolving ethical dilemmas at all stages of agriculture is underscored in order to align practices with human ideals and to ensure ethical decision-making by stakeholders involved in agriculture.

This paper describes a simple, physically-based conceptual model utilizing watershed drainage characteristics for rainfall-runoff simulation. This conceptual physiographic model is essentially based on the work of Najafi (2003), which has led to a model comprising the main tributary sub watersheds and a single main channel sub watershed. The Kinematic Wave (KW) theory is used to describe flow over the sub watershed plans. The dynamic wave theory is applied for channel flow computations to compute the watershed responses at the outlet. The proposed model was tested on a natural watershed where the results could be compared with the results obtained by Najafi (2003). The results show the proposed physiographic model has advantages over the former in terms of mathematical formulation and input data preparation as well as computation time requirements. 

Models are valuable tools for learning science, however, their utility would be restricted if students do not consider the nature of models, their purpose, and their implementation in the learning process. The focus of this research was to find out about the type of model and meta-modeling knowledge of second cycle high school students on physics, chemistry, and biology courses. The research sample consisted of 530 second cycle high school students who were selected through convenience sampling method to answer the modeling knowledge questionnaire. Partial credit question-answer model was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that students think primarily about objective and functional models, and abstract models (diagram or equation) are of secondary importance. Modeling knowledge and awareness of the function and objectives of models are not independent from the content area, and the type and application of models depend on the content and the course, in such a way that students use modeling in biology more to describe phenomena and in physics and chemistry for prediction and reasoning. It is suggested that in the science curriculum more attention should be paid to the model and modeling knowledge in the course's content, and the students' metacognitive skills should be developed to identify, apply, revise, and evaluate models. Science teachers should also be encouraged to consciously use modeling in the teaching process.

Rural women’s entrepreneurial activities provided contexts reduction poverty in rural areas that is step to rural development. A significant increase of employed women is undeniable reality in Iranian society. However, social experience indicates that a small number of women are entrepreneurs. Appropriate competencies are necessary for emergence entrepreneurial activities. The main aim of this study was conceptual modeling of competencies required for rural women entrepreneurs. The population of this study was included 125 rural women entrepreneurs of Kangavar, Sahneh and Harsin cities. Accordingly, the census was used. The data collection tool was a questionnaire designed. The reliability of variables was between 0.83- 0.88. The findings show that based on sensitivity analysis (ANN) communication competencies, strategic and commitment, in the first layer is of the utmost importance. The findings showed that based on sensitivity analysis (ANN) communication, strategic and commitment competencies have more important in the first layer. Based on field activities (agriculture, livestock and consulting services), there was a significant difference in the level of 99 percent between and mental strategy competencies. So, these competencies were higher among entrepreneurs consulting services.

The main scope of this research is to develop a method in order to organize and manage the business process reengineering (BPR) projects. The users of the BPR approaches have always faced different problems in using them. In this study first, the necessity and importance of the BPR design plans within the framework of the scientific approach toward and implementation were defined. Then the main components of BPR plans such as goals, limitation, organization and methodology of the projects were discussed in detail. The further step was the study of the well-known and credited methodology of the international consulting companies. Due to importance, varieties and necessity of localization of the common methodologies, in this study a modified methodology was developed. Finally, sophistication and comprehensiveness of the developed methodology was studied. In addition to the all capabilities of the international methodologies, this methodology consists of much more useful abilities. The considerable aspects, important innovation, and the comprehensiveness of the developed methodology are mentioned in the research conclusion.

The implementation of government legislation, social responsibility, environmental concerns regarding the reduction of waste, hazardous material and other consumer residuals have made the competition between the firms stricter than ever and nowadays firms that want to survive need a more productive and innovative approach toward the financial aspects of their businesses. This paper presents a conceptual supply chain model integrating financial and physical flows. The main idea of this paper is to identify financial tools and show the usefulness of them in order to increase the competitiveness of the supply chain as a whole in the volatile markets. In doing so, we consider the role of a financial service provider and try to incorporate the effects of supply chain finance concept on the working capital i. e. liquidity of the member entities. So, the main contribution of this research is to address an innovative approach to model financial flows in supply chain and to introduce the financial tools (supply chain finance practices) in the supply chain framework employing Economic Value Added and cash-to-cash cycle as performance measures and finally devise a conceptual agent-based model and show how agent-based modeling can be beneficial in this field.

The aim of present article was to design a conceptual model of discourse-making of the Islamic Revolution teachings in the curriculum. The article is fundamental in terms of purpose, qualitative method and theoretical research. For this purpose, based on the stages of theoretical research and considering the basic features of the discourse-making approach, a conceptual model was designed in two dimensions of "process" and "function". This conceptual model consisted of six stages of externalization, explanation, persuasion, institutionalization, behaviorization, and inclusiveness, which included the six functions of concept development, explicitness, acceptance, queenship, demanding, and dissemination of discourse. According to the conceptual model of the research, attention to discourse building due to its compatibility with the Islamic education system, in terms of attention to the teachings of the Islamic Revolution in the curriculum can be considered.

Television stars as one of the most important human elements in transmitting messages and attracting television audience should be in a certain relation with the media organization so that the organization management can make the best use of it. The research is to find the appropriate human resource model for television stars in Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting. The main question of the research is: how is the process of interaction with stars in the national media? The research was conducted by qualitative way through grounded theory method. Samples were selected by snowball technique, and data collected through study of library documents and resources as well as in-depth interviews. For this purpose, 36 informed people were interviewed then the concepts were extracted. Interviews were classified into 40 concepts, 6 main categories, 16 sub-categories, and finally designed a model. The research, based on a model, showed that changes in the HR process as well as in the structure and content of the national media were needed to improve the status of the stars and their interaction with the organization.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of effective classroom management experiences in medical sciences and to provide a conceptual model. The research method was qualitative and with phenomenological approach. The statistical population consisted of all professors and students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (4389 students). Data saturation criterion was used to determine sample size in this study. In the present study, 15 participants (5 professors and 10 students) saturated the data by purposeful sampling and were selected as sample. Data collection was based on in-depth interviews and open-ended questions with follow-up questions to encourage participants to share in-depth experiences. The duration of the interview varied between 60-90 minutes. Validity was assessed using Holstein coefficient and its value was 0. 86 and content validity (CVR) was calculated 0. 85. Data were analyzed using Maxqda12 software. The main method of data analysis was Colaizzi method with the main variables and sub-variables related to the factors affecting classroom management, the hypothetical model consisting of 7 main concept codes and 17 sub-concept codes to explain these seven components. The findings indicate that the researcher, after performing seven stages of Colaizzi and extracting seven components including seven key concept codes and individual characteristics of the instructor, instructional, supervisory, comprehensive management strategies, cognitive and non-cognitive strategies, space management And it was time and evaluation of theory and practice that explained the specific model of effective classroom management in the medical sciences. Discussion and Conclusion This study has important implications for professors and medical students that the identified components for effective classroom management and optimization for better learning and implementation by professors to enhance their knowledge and practice require special attention. is. And students should be given responsibilities, accepted, and trusted by students to provide an environment of security, mutual trust, and self-esteem.

Background and Aim: In patients with complete denture, some clinicians have used modelling plastic impression compound (MPIC) along tissue conditioner (TC) materials simultaneously. Little information is available on the composition of these materials and the interaction between them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of two components of MPIC on the structure and chemical composition of TC.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, MPIC specimens were provided in 25×2 mm discs. Specimens were randomly divided into three groups and were immersed in ethanol 70%, plasticizer (dibutyl phthalate) and a mixture of them (ethanol 70% and dibutyl phthalate). All of the discs were weighed with a digital balance before and 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after immersion. Values were analyzed by non parametric Kruskal-Wallis (a= 0.05) and SPSS 16 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis.Results: Statistical analysis indicated significant differences among all groups (p>.05).Conclusion: Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) had high impact on the solubility of MP, while the mixture of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and ethanol demonstrated the highest impact.